The research is unambiguous on commercial farms. But does it hold for East African smallholders?
AIAO batches: 4.2% average mortality. Mixed-age / continuous: 7.8% average mortality. The difference translates to RWF 324,000 per 1,000 birds placed.
All birds placed within 3 days · complete removal before next placement · 14–21 days downtime · remove used litter.
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